Stroke & Brain Hemorrhage

Tuberculosis of the spine, also known as spinal tuberculosis or Pott's disease, is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This form of tuberculosis primarily affects the vertebral column, leading to bone destruction, spinal deformities, and neurological complications if left untreated.

Spinal tuberculosis typically occurs through the spread of the bacteria from other parts of the body, commonly the lungs, via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The infection initially settles in the vertebrae, causing destruction of the bone and intervertebral discs. Over time, this can lead to the collapse of vertebral bodies, resulting in kyphosis (a forward curvature of the spine) and the formation of a characteristic gibbus deformity.

Symptoms of spinal tuberculosis may include back pain, stiffness, night sweats, weight loss, and neurological deficits such as weakness or numbness in the extremities. Diagnosis often involves a combination of imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, as well as microbiological tests to confirm the presence of the tuberculosis bacterium.

Treatment of spinal tuberculosis typically involves a prolonged course of anti-tubercular medications to eradicate the infection, along with immobilization of the spine using braces or surgery in severe cases to stabilize the spine, decompress neural structures, and correct deformities. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment are crucial for preventing complications and preserving spinal function.